Spice of Life Part XIII Cardamom

Description:
Cardamom comes from the seed pod of the Elettaria cardamomum, a perennial plant in the ginger family. The entire cardamom pod can be used whole or ground. The seeds are small and black, while the pods differ in color and size by species. It has a warm, pungent, sweetly aromatic flavor.

Cardamom can be used in both savory and sweet dishes. It’s a popular seasoning in Indian and South Asian dishes, especially curries. In Scandinavia it’s used in pastries and mulled wine. Cardamom is a key ingredient in Arabic and Turkish coffee, as well as masala chai.

History:
Cardamom is one of the most ancient spices in the world, dating back at least 4000 years. Initially it grew wild in South West India where the native tribes harvested and sun dried it to trade. It was brought to merchants who took it to the ports along the Malabar coast. From there it found its way to the various trade routes.

The Egyptians used it in medicine and also added it to the oils used for preparation in the mummification process. The Arabian traders introduced cardamom to the Romans and Greeks, and it became a popular trade item with the Babylonians, Mesopotamians, and Assyrians as well.

The Vikings came cross it in Constantinople, and introduced it into Scandinavia, where it remains popular to this day. During the 19th century, British colonists set up cardamon plantations, some of which are still in use today, although Guatemala is the largest commercial producer of cardamom. In some areas, it’s considered an even more valuable crop than coffee.

Medicinal Uses:
The Ancients used cardamom to help with digestion issues, specifically indigestion, nausea, and relief from ulcers. It’s both an antioxidant and a diuretic that may help lower blood pressure, and it’s believed to contain cancer fighting compounds. Its anti-inflammatory compounds may help protect from chronic diseases such as liver disease.

Chewing gum often contains cardamom to fight off the bacteria in your mouth that cause bad breath, although chewing on cardamom pods after a meal can have the same effect. Breathing in essential oils containing cardamom can help relax your airway, stimulating your oxygen intake which is helpful when treating asthma. Cardamom extracts and essential oils have compounds that fight many strains of bacteria that can cause fungal infections, food poisoning, and other stomach issues.


Recipes:

Cardamom Sun Tea

Ingredients:
6 cups water
1/4 cup loose white tea leaves
6 whole cardamom pods
Honey

Directions:
Place water, tea leaves and cardamom pods in large container or pitcher. Stir. Cover with lid or plastic wrap. Let stand in sun for 3 to 5 hours.
Strain tea, discarding tea leaves and cardamom pods. Serve over ice or refrigerate until chilled. Sweeten with honey, if desired.


Indian Rice Pudding

Ingredients:
2/3 cup jasmine rice
5 cups milk
1/2 cup sugar
2 tablespoons flaked coconut
6 whole cardamom pods
2 teaspoons pure vanilla extract
2 tablespoons toasted sliced almonds
2 tablespoons raisins

Directions:
Combine rice and milk in medium saucepan. Bring to boil on medium-high heat, stirring frequently. Reduce heat to low; simmer 30 minutes or until rice is tender and creamy, stirring frequently.
Stir in sugar, coconut, cardamom and vanilla. Pour into bowl. Cover surface with plastic wrap. Refrigerate 2 hours or until ready to serve. Remove cardamom pods. Sprinkle with almonds and raisins before serving

Spice of Life Part XII Anise

Description:
Though similar in flavor to star anise, anise is slightly different. It comes from the Pimpinella anisum plant, which is part of the parsley family. It has a sweet, aromatic flavor that is much like black licorice. In fact, it is often used to flavor licorice as well as black jelly beans.

It comes from the Mediterranean region and is a key ingredient in candy and alcoholic drinks, such as Ouzo, Sambuca and Absinthe. It pairs well with seafood, and can also be used in dairy products, gelatins, meats, and breath fresheners. In Europe it’s used in cakes, cookies, and sweet breads, while in the Middle East and India it’s used in soups and stews.

History:
It’s generally agreed that the Egyptians were the first to have cultivated anise, more that 2,000 years ago. Both biblical and ancient Egyptian texts mention its use for both culinary and medicinal purposes, and the seeds were often entombed with the bodies of Pharaohs.

It was also cultivated by the Greeks and Romans, and made its way to Europe by the Middle Ages. By the 14th century, anise could be found throughout the Mediterranean as well as Germany and England. Anise seeds were introduced to the New World by the Spanish and the Virginia colonists, and made its way to Mexico where it became a staple in many Mexican dishes.

Medicinal Uses:
Anise is most commonly used for indigestion, and to reduce the pain and bloating of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A cup of anise tea before bed is thought to reduce the symptoms of asthma and sleep discomforts due to allergies. Anise seed extract has been taken to reduce the frequency of hot flashes in menopausal women. It is sometimes used as an expectorant for dry coughs, and aniseed tea can help alleviate the pain of a sore throat.

Other Uses:
Anise has a wide history of use in folklore. Ancient Greeks and Romans believed anise seeds had the ability to avert the evil eye. It was also believed to act as an aphrodisiac. It was used in voodoo and lunar rituals, and it was believed that filling a small pillowcase with anise seeds will prevent nightmares, while the fresh leaves will ward off evil spirits.

In modern use, anise seed extract is used in perfume, soap, creams, sachets, and toothpaste. It can also be mixed with lard for a treatment for insect bites.


Recipes:

Anise Milk

Ingredients:
1 cup milk
1 teaspoon crushed anise seeds

Instructions:
Place milk and anise seeds in a pot and bring to a gentle boil. Strain into a mug. Add sweetener if desired.


Bizcochitos (Anise Cinnamon Sugar Cookies)

Ingredients:
1 cup butter
1 3/4 cups sugar (divided)
1 1/2 teaspoons aniseed
1 large egg
2 tbsp rum
3 cups whole wheat flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
1/2 teaspoons salt
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon

Instructions:
Preheat oven to 300 F. Grease a baking sheet or line it with parchment paper.
Cream the butter and 3/4 cup of the sugar until light and fluffy.
Crush the aniseeds in a mortar and pestle.
Add the crushed aniseed, egg, and brandy to the creamed mixture and combine thoroughly.
Add the flour, baking powder, and salt. Stir to combine.
Divide the dough in half and pat each half into a 1-inch thick disk.
Wrap disks of dough in plastic and chill for at least 30 minutes.
In a medium bowl, combine the remaining cup of sugar with the cinnamon.
Working with one disk at a time, roll out the dough to about 1/4-inch thick on a well floured board. Cut the dough into shapes.
Dip in the cinnamon-sugar mixture and put on prepared baking sheet. Repeat with the remaining dough.
Bake for 12 to 15 minutes.
Transfer to a rack to cool.

Spice of Life Part XI Star Anise

Description:
Star anise comes from the illicium verum, an evergreen shrub native to Southwest China and Vietnam. The star shaped pods are picked before they’re ripened and then dried in the sun, turning brown or rust in color. It has an intense, licorice-like flavor with hints of mint and clove.

In Europe it’s used in cakes, cookies, and sweet breads, while in the Middle East and India it’s used in soups and stews. The French use it in mulled wine and coffee, and it also pairs well with fish. It’s widely used in Chinese, Indonesian, and Vietnamese cuisine.

History:
Star Anise has been used in Chinese and Vietnamese cooking and medicine for over 3,000 years. In the late 1600s an English navigator was introduced to it in the Philippines and brought it back with him to England. By the 17th century it was being traded in the western civilizations and the Mediterranean and by the 18th century it had spread along the tea routes to Russia and Germany.

Medicinal Uses:
It has both antiviral and antimicrobial properties and has shown promise as a treatment for influenza. It may also lower the risk of cancer, prevent fungal infections, and boost circulation. The relatively high amounts of antioxidants it contains can help improve skin health and help old scars and blemishes to fade as well as support respiratory health.

Star Anise has been shown to possess sedative properties which can aid in sleep issues. It has a high level of iron, which helps boost red blood cell production. It has long been used for digestive issues, including easing cramping and flatulence, and maintaining bacterial balance in the gut. For women it is effective for regulating menstrual cycles and controlling mood swings.

Other uses:
The oil from star anise oil is extremely fragrant and is also used in perfumes, soaps, toothpastes, mouthwashes, and skin creams. In Chinese folklore, it was considered good luck to find a star anise with more than eight points.

Warnings:
When using star anise is used for medicinal purposes, its important that you use Chinese star anise and not Japanese, which is poisonous.


Recipes:


Star Anise Tea
Ingredients:
4 cups water
2 tea bags (black tea or green tea)
2 cinnamon sticks
6 star anise
2 teaspoons honey (optional)

Directions:
Bring the water to a boil and pour into a tea pot. Add the tea bags, cinnamon sticks, star anise and honey.
Stir the tea, and leave it to steep for about 5 minutes. Remove the tea bags, add any extra sweetener if you want, then serve!


Honey Glazed Chicken

Ingredients:
½ cup soy sauce
½ cup liquid honey
2 tbsp rice vinegar
2 tbsp fresh ginger, cut in thin strips
6 star anise
2 cloves garlic, minced
3 pounds boneless chicken (breasts or thighs)

Directions:
Combine all ingredients except chicken in a bowl, mix well.
Pour into a zip lock bag with chicken and refrigerate 2 hours.
Preheat oven to 350°F
Grease a 13x9 inch baking dish (or line with tin foil).
Place chicken pieces in baking dish and pour remaining marinade over top.
Bake for 45 minutes, or until done, basting every 10 minutes.


Serve with rice or Chinese noodles.

Spice of Life Part X Cumin

Description:
Cumin is the dried seed of the herb Cuminum cyminum, a member of the parsley family. It has a distinctive, slightly bitter, warm flavor and can be found as either whole dried seeds or as a ground powder. It’s a common ingredient in many spice blends, and a staple spice in a variety of cuisines such as Mexican, Indian, African, and Asian.

It works well in soups, stews, and curries. Ground cumin is stronger than the seeds, and adds a distinctive flavor to marinades for poultry, lamb, or pork. It’s used in both meat and vegetable dishes, and can be added to chili or sauces.

History:
Cumin is one of the more ancient spices. It was used in preserving mummies in Egypt as well as a spice. Mention of it is made in both the old and new Testaments of the Bible. The Romans introduced cumin to Europe where it was valued both as a spice and for its medicinal qualities. Traders from Arabia introduced cumin down the Persian Gulf and into South Asia and China.

After its popularity peaked in Europe and Britain during the Middle Ages, the Spanish took cumin with them when they settled the Americas. It became integral to Spanish and Mexican cuisine and is a key ingredient in chili powder.

Medicinal Uses:
Cumin has a long history of medicinal use, mostly for digestive and bowel problems. It has also been proven helpful for those trying to lose weight, lower their cholesterol, or control their blood sugar. It can improve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome such as bloating and stomach pain. As an antioxidant it helps the body handle stress and can help improve memory.


Recipes:

Cumin Tea

Ingredients:
1 teaspoon cumin seeds
2 cups water
1 teaspoon honey

Instructions
In a sauce pan, add water and cumin seeds.
Bring the water to a boil. Reduce heat and simmer for 5 minutes.
Strain liquid into a mug. Add honey and stir well.
Can be drank hot or cold. Lemon can be added for extra flavour

Spiced Pork Chops

Ingredients:
1 tablespoon brown sugar
1 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon paprika
1 teaspoon chili powder
¾ teaspoon garlic powder
¾ teaspoon ground cumin
¼ teaspoon dry mustard
⅛ teaspoon ground allspice
⅛ teaspoon ground red pepper
4 bone-in, ½ inch thick loin pork chops
Cooking spray

Instructions:
Combine first 9 ingredients; rub over both sides of pork.
Heat a grill pan over medium-high heat.
Coat pan with cooking spray.
Add pork; cook for 3 minutes on each side.

Spice of Life Part IX Saffron

Description:
It takes more than 225,000 stigmas from the crocus sativus to produce one pound of saffron. No wonder it’s considered the world’s most expensive spice. The stigmas, called styles, are collected and dried, and often ground into a fine powder before being sold.

Saffron is subtle and fragrant, and has a spicy, pungent, somewhat bitter flavor with a sharp and penetrating odor. A little goes a long way and it’s most often found in Spanish paella, Italian risotto, rice, chicken, seafood stews, and many Middle Eastern dishes.

History:
Pigments made from saffron have been found in 50,000 year old prehistoric cave drawings. It is mentioned in Chinese medical texts dating back to 300 BC. Early uses include ritual offerings, a source of dyes, perfumes, and medicines, and was one of the sweet-smelling herbs mentioned in the Song of Solomon.

The saffron crocus was cultivated in Iran and Kashmir and was introduced into Cathy by the Mongol invasion. It was cultivated by the Arabs in the mid-900s. It was used in Roman cuisine and it was one of the spices they took with them when they settled in southern Gaul. It next appeared in the 14th century as a treatment for the Black Death. Europe imported large quantities of saffron from the Mediterranean. A fourteen-week-long war, called The Saffron War, was precipated when one of the shipments of saffron was stolen.

It was introduced to the Americas in the 1700s where it was cultivated by the Pennsylvanian Dutch. The Spanish occupying the Caribbean purchased large amounts of this saffron, creating a high demand for it and driving the price up. This lasted until the War of 1812 when so many saffron laden ships were destroyed it collapsed the trade. Today, saffron is usually imported from Iran, Greece, Morocco, and India.

Other uses:
Aside from its long history of use in traditional medicines, saffron has also been used as a fabric dye and to perfume bath water. In Asia saffron was a symbol of hospitality and in India people used it for caste marks to indicate wealth. Minoan women used it in cosmetics and Medieval monks added it to egg whites to create a yellow glaze that could be substituted for gold in their manuscripts.

Medicinal Uses:
Saffron is a source of compounds known to have antioxidant, antidepressant, anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. It’s effective in reducing inflammation, reducing appetite, and aiding in weight loss. It can help improve your mood, memory, and learning ability. It may aid in lowering blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and improve eyesight in adults with age-related macular degeneration. Research has shown it useful in the treatment of depression and tests have shown it to selectively kill colon cancer cells or suppress their growth.

Recipes:

Spiced Saffron Tea

Ingredients:
4 cups water
2 teaspoons loose leaf tea, preferably white
¼ teaspoon saffron
1 pinch sugar
1 3 inch cinnamon stick
2 cardamon pods
1 tbsp fresh ginger slices
liquid honey

Instructions:
In a saucepan, boil water and add tea.
Add cinnamon, cardamon, and ginger. Turn off the heat and let steep for 5 minutes.
Grind up the saffron threads and sugar into a powder using a mortar and pestle. Add to tea steep for another 3 minutes.
Add honey to taste.

Saffron Rice

Ingredients:
1 1/2 cups basmati rice
2 1/4 cups water
1 cinnamon stick, broken in half
5 cloves
2 bay leaves
1/4 teaspoon saffron threads
1 teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons butter, softened

Instructions:
Rinse the rice until the water runs clear.
Place cinnamon, cloves, bay leaves, and saffron in a cheesecloth bag.
In a medium non-stick pot, add everything except the butter.
Bring to a boil, reduce heat to low and cook, covered, for 15 minutes.
Remove from heat and let sit without removing the lid for 10 minutes.
Remove cheesecloth bag. With a fork, gentle stir in the butter and serve.

Spice of Life Part VIII Paprika

Description:
Paprika comes from the Capsicum annuum family, which includes sweet and hot peppers as well as chili peppers, but the peppers used for paprika tend to be milder and have thinner flesh. The striking red peppers are dried and powdered, and range in taste from sweet and mild to hot. American Paprika is the blandest, while Hungarian Paprika has the greatest range of flavor.

The version you find in the spice aisle of your average supermarket is very mild in flavor, with a sweet taste and subtle touch of heat and is best used to sprinkle on a finished dish, such as deviled eggs, and to add color to grilled meat like in a rib spice rub. The stronger Hungarian paprika is very versatile and is good in egg dishes, meat and poultry stews, game, rabbit, fish, soups, boiled or steamed vegetables, rice, and cream based sauces.

History:
Historians believe the peppers used in paprika were first cultivated in the area of South America that is now part of Brazil and Bolivia. They were discovered by Columbus on one of his voyages to the New World at the end of the 15th century. Though at first the pepper plants were used as a decorative plant, they spread from Spain through Europe. The Turks introduced the pepper plants to Hungary (which was under Turkish rule) in the 16th century. It was at first used as a cure for fever and typhus in Hungary before it was used as a main spice for Hungarian cuisine.

The Turks introduced paprika as a spice to the Balkan Peninsula in the 18th century, and it was not used in the west until the mid-1900s. The paprika from Europe was somewhat hot, but through careful cultivation and grafting, growers were able to produce a sweeter, milder paprika.

Medicinal Uses:
Paprika is loaded with vitamins A, E, and B6 as well as iron. It also contains antioxidants which help fight cell damage due to chronic ailments such as cancer and heart disease, and may help protect against inflammatory conditions like arthritis. It also contains nutrients that promote better eye health and lowers the risk of cataracts. As well as improving cholesterol levels, it may also improve blood sugar levels and stave off anemia.

Recipes:

Tomato Cocktail

Ingredients:
16 oz tomato Juice
1 oz red wine vinegar
1/2 tsp salt
1/8 tsp paprika
1/2 tsp dried basil
1/2 tsp black pepper
1 cucumber - peeled and pureed
4 wedges lime - for garnish

Directions:
Add all ingredients, except lime wedges, to a pitcher and stir well.
Chill for at least 2 hours.
Serve in highball glasses full of ice, garnished with a lime wedge each.


Hungarian Goulash

Ingredients:
1 3/4 lb of stewing beef, cubed
4 red peppers
2 tbsp of flour
1 3/4 oz of butter
3 medium onions, thinly sliced
2 tsp smoked paprika
1 cup beef stock
1 pkg egg noodles
1 cup sour cream
1 tbsp of chives, chopped
3 pinches of salt
1 pinch of pepper
2 tbsp of olive oil

Instructions:
Preheat the oven to 350.
Peel the peppers, then cut them in half lengthways and de-seed. Lay in a roasting tray, cut-side down, then drizzle with a tablespoon of oil and season with a pinch of salt and pepper.
Cook in the oven until soft, approximately 10 minutes. Remove and allow to cool, then cut into 1/2 in slices and set aside - leaving the oven on.
Combine a pinch of salt with the flour in a bowl. Lightly coat the diced beef in the seasoned flour and brown in batches in the butter in a frying pan. Remove with a slotted spoon and set aside.
Add the onions to the same pan and cook for 4-5 minutes until golden. Stir in the paprika and peppers and cook for another minute.
Place meat, onions, and peppers in a casserole dish and add the beef stock. Cook in the oven for 1 ½ hours until the beef is tender and cooked through.
Once the meat is almost tender, cook the noodles in salted boiling.
Remove the casserole dish from the oven, season (if necessary) and skim off any fat that has risen to the surface. Stir in the sour cream.
Divide noodles into bowls. Spoon the goulash on top and sprinkle with the chives. Serve immediately.

Spice of Life Part VII Cloves

Description:
Cloves are the reddish brown flower buds of the clove tree [syzygium aromaticum], a tropical evergreen tree of the myrtle [myrtaceae] family. In stores it can be found in both whole and ground forms. The flavour is strong, hot, and pungent.

It goes well with allspice, bay, cardamom, cinnamon, fennel, ginger, and nutmeg and is used in recipes around the world, particularly in Middle Eastern, Indian, and North American cooking. Because of its strong flavour a little goes a long way and should be used sparingly. It’s delicious in baked goods and pies, and also pairs well in savory foods, particularly rice dishes, spicy meat dishes, and curries.

History:
Archaeological evidence has the first appearance of cloves dating back to 1721 BC, where cloves were found in a ceramic vessel from Syria. In 200 BC emissaries from Java are recorded having brought cloves to the courts of China, where it was used to freshen the breath of those seeking audience with the emperor. There is evidence that cloves were found in Rome in 1 AD, Egypt in 176 AD, and Sri Lanka in 900 AD.

Native to the Indonesian Spice Islands, during the Middle Ages cloves were traded by Arabs in the Indian Ocean trade. Late in the 15th century, Portugal took over the trade and brought cloves to Europe where it became a valuable commodity. The Dutch took over the spice trade in the 17th century and kept a tight control over the production of the spice to keep it rare and therefore profitable. In the 18th century the French managed to introduce the clove tree to Guiana, Brazil, the West Indies, and Zanzibar, thus breaking the Dutch monopoly. Today, Indonesia is still the world’s largest producer of cloves.

Medicinal Uses:
Like many of the warmer spices, cloves contain eugenol, which is a natural antioxidant. Antioxidants help prevent diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and even cancer. The eugenol found in oil of cloves is also a natural analgesic and antiseptic, and is used for relief from a toothache or as a remedy for colds coughs, fever, and sore throat. Topically, oil of cloves is used on acne, warts, and scars. It may can help lower blood sugar and supports liver health.

Other Uses:
Clove cigarettes, often to be considered more of a cigar, are smoked throughout Europe, Asia, and the United States. The bioactive chemicals of cloves make it an effective an ant repellent – my aunt used to scatter cloves throughout her trailer when she was winterizing it to keep pests away. The effective component of cloves, eugenol, is often used in germicides, perfumes, and mouthwashes. An orange, studded with cloves, was often given as a yuletide gift and even now is used as a seasonal decoration


Recipes:

Hot Toddy

Ingredients
1 ½ tsp honey
1 ½ tsp lemon juice
1 tsp sugar syrup
1 ½ ounces scotch whiskey
3 cloves
boiling water

Instructions
Warm a mug or heatproof glass. Add the whisky, lemon juice, syrup, cloves and honey. Top up with boiling water and garnish with a lemon skewered with cloves and a cinnamon stick. Give it a quick stir and serve immediately.

You can also simmer whole cloves in boiling water for 5–10 minutes to make a soothing cup of clove tea.

Spiced Pork Tenderloin

Ingredients
1 1/2 pounds pok tenderloin
1 tablespoon fine sea salt
1 tablespoon ground black pepper
2 teaspoons nutmeg
2 teaspoons ground cloves
Zest of one orange
Cooking Spray

Instructions
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Coat a baking dish with cooking spray, making sure that the dish is large enough to allow room around the tenderloin.
In a small bowl, combine sea salt, pepper, nutmeg, cloves ,and orange zest. Rub all over pork tenderloin and place in the baking dish.
Bake uncovered for 35-40 minutes or until thickest portion registers are 155-160 degrees. Allow to rest for 5 minutes before slicing into 1-inch pieces.

Spice of Life Part VI Pumpkin Spice

Description:
This fragrant spice blends together cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, cloves, and allspice. In the beginning it was used pretty much exclusively to give flavor to the somewhat bland pumpkin being used in pies, but when McCormick’s began selling it commercially in the early 1950s the name got shortened to pumpkin spice and it began to see a wider range of uses.

With the blend made more convenient, people began to put it into other foods as well as beverages. As well as pies, you can use pumpkin spice in cookies, cakes, vegetables, stews, and fall soups, such as squash soup. It’s delicious sprinkled on oatmeal, or used in pancakes.

To make your own pumpkin spice, combine ¼ cup of ground cinnamon with 2 tablespoons of ground ginger, 2 teaspoons of ground nutmeg, 2 teaspoons of ground cloves, and 2 teaspoons of ground allspice.

History:
Like the spices used in this blend, pumpkin spice got its start with the Dutch East India company when it was known simply as “mixed spice.” Cookbooks from the late 1700s included it as an ingredient for pumpkin pie.

In 1934, McComick introduced the blend as “pumpkin pie spice” since it was intended to enhance the flavour of pumpkin pie. In the 1960s the name was shortened to pumpkin spice. In the 1990s, other coffee companies began to experiment with adding pumpkin spice to their coffees, but it wasn’t until 2002, when Starbucks created their Pumpkin Spice Latte that pumpkin spice hit its stride.

By 2015 people had become obsessed with pumpkin spice and it began to dominate the fall season in everything from scented candles to take-out coffees. By 2018, pumpkin spice was a $600 million industry.

Medicinal Uses:
The spices that make up pumpkin spice have been shown to be beneficial to your health: cinnamon is excellent for balancing blood sugar levels; ginger is highly anti-inflammatory and supports immune health; nutmeg and cloves are rich in antioxidants, plus they have anti-viral and anti-microbial actions; and allspice has anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties. However, when pumpkin spice is used as flavoring in lattes or processed foods there are often artificial flavors, sugars, and fats that are added.


Recipes:

Pumpkin Spice Latte

Ingredients

1 1/2 tablespoons sugar
2 tablespoons pumpkin puree
1/2 teaspoon pumpkin pie spice
1/2 cup (4oz / 115g) strong brewed coffee
1/2 cups (4oz / 115g) milk

Instructions
Add all ingredients to a saucepan.
Stir and bring to a simmer.
Pour into a mug.
Decorate with freshly whipped cream and a sprinkles of pumpkin pie spice or cinnamon.


Libby’s Pumpkin Pie

Ingredients
3/4 cup granulated sugar
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon ground ginger
1/4 teaspoon ground cloves
2 large eggs
1 can (15 ounces) LIBBY'S® 100% Pure Pumpkin
1 can (12 fluid ounces) evaporated milk
1 unbaked 9-inch (4-cup volume) deep-dish pie shell

Step 1 Mix sugar, cinnamon, salt, ginger and cloves in small bowl. Beat eggs in large bowl. Stir in pumpkin and sugar-spice mixture. Gradually stir in evaporated milk.
Step 2
Pour into pie shell.
Step 3
Bake in preheated 425° F oven for 15 minutes. Reduce temperature to 350° F; bake for 40 minutes or until knife inserted near center comes out clean. Cool on wire rack for 2 hours. Serve immediately or refrigerate.
This is the recipe my family traditionally uses, taken right off the back of the can’s label.

Spice of Life Part V Allspice

Description:
Allspice, also known as Jamaican pepper, is the dried fruit of the Pimenta dioica plant. The fruit is harvested when it is green and unripe and traditionally dried in the sun. Once dry, the fruit is brown and looks like large brown peppercorns. It comes from the West Indies, southern Mexico, and Central America and can be found in both dried fruit form and as a powder.

It is a pungent, aromatic spice that seems to embrace a combination of nutmeg, cloves, ginger, and cinnamon. In fact, that’s how it got its name. Whether in kernel or powdered form, it should be stored in a cool, dry place.

Allspice is an essential ingredient in Jamaican jerk seasoning. It’s used to flavor stews, meat dishes, and tomato sauce. You can also find it in pickling spice, spiced tea mixes, cakes, cookies, and pies. Food producers use it in ketchup, pickles, and sausages. Many patés, terrines, smoked and canned meats include allspice.

History:
Allspice comes to us from the Caribbean. Christopher Columbus discovered it during his second voyage and, thinking it was pepper, named it pimiento (Spanish for pepper). It was introduced to Europe and the Mediterranean soon after, although it only became popular in England where it became known as allspice because it seemed to be a combination of spices.

Jamaican allspice is considered superior to any other, but today it is also grown in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Tonga, and Hawaii.

Medicinal Uses:
Allspice contains an oil called eugenol, which produces a warming effect. During the Napoleonic war, Russian soldiers would put allspice in their boots to keep their feet warm. As well as the warming effect, allspice also has a mild anesthetic, which makes it valuable as a home remedy for arthritis and sore muscles when used in a poultice. It can also be applied directly to the affected area for muscle pain and toothaches.

It has been used for indigestion, intestinal gas, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, colds, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Allspice tea can be used to treat nausea or settle an upset stomach. Eating more allspice can be a low-risk treatment for easing the symptoms of menopause.


Recipes:

Wassail

Ingredients:
4 quarts apple cider
2 quarts orange juice
1 quart cranberry juice
2 cinnamon sticks
12 allspice (whole)
18 cloves (stuck into 1/2 a large orange)
1/2 cup(s) brown sugar (or to taste)

Instructions:
Bring all to a vigorous boil for 5 or so minutes then reduce to low simmer for 45 minutes to 1 hour. Sprinkle ground nutmeg and cinnamon on top of the finished Wassail. This is much better the next day when spices have blended and mellowed.


Jerk Chicken

Ingredients:
1 onion, coarsely chopped
1/2 cup chopped scallion
1/2 teaspoon dried thyme
1 teaspoon kosher salt
2 teaspoons sugar
1 teaspoon ground allspice
1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon ground nutmeg
1 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
1 small hot pepper, seeded, finely chopped
2 tablespoons soy sauce
1 tablespoon cider vinegar
1 tablespoon vegetable oil
1 whole chicken, cut into 8 pieces

Directions:
Combine all ingredients (except chicken) in a food processor, and process until a smooth puree forms.
Put chicken in a large bowl and pour marinade over. Stir chicken pieces to coat completely; cover and marinate at least 6 hours or up to overnight in the refrigerator.
Prepare a gas or charcoal grill on medium heat (350 F to 375 F) for direct/indirect grilling.
Remove chicken from jerk marinade. Place chicken skin-side down on the direct side of the grill.
Cover and cook for 15 minutes until the skin is charred and crisp, controlling any flare-ups on the grill. Turn the chicken over and move to the indirect side. Close the lid, and cook an additional 10 to 20 minutes, removing pieces as they become done.

Oven Method:
Jerk chicken is best done on the grill, but if this isn’t possible you can cook it in the oven (although the taste will be milder).
Prepare marinade and chicken as above.
Preheat oven to 350°F. Place chicken pieces in a rimmed baking pan, skin side up. Roast until chicken halves are cooked through, about 40-50 minutes.

Spice of Life Part IV Nutmeg

Description:
Nutmeg comes to us from Indonesia, from the dried seeds of the Myristica fragrans, a tropical evergreen tree. It can be purchased whole or in powdered form. Grating the seed directly imparts a fresher, cleaner taste than the powder. Whole nutmeg will stay fresh indefinitely, but like the powder should be stored in an air-tight container away from heat, light, and moisture.

Nutmeg can be used in both sweet and savory dishes. It has a pungent aroma and a warm, slightly nutty, slightly sweet taste. It’s featured in many baked goods as well as puddings, potatoes, meats, sausages, sauces, vegetables, and such beverages as eggnog, coffee, and hot chocolate. Sprinkle it over oatmeal or other breakfast cereals, fruit, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, or winter squash.

History:
Evidence suggests that nutmeg was brought to Constantinople by Arab traders as early as the 6th century. The source of the spice, the Banda Islands, part of the Maluku Island chain, was a closely guarded secret.

In the late 1400s the Ottoman Turks took control of the land trade routes, which prompted several European countries to search for the source of the spice. The Portuguese discovered the Banda Islands in the early 1500s, torturing and killing the Bandalese in order to establish a monopoly.

The Dutch East India Company ousted the Portuguese in 1603, but the British managed to acquire seedlings and planted them in several British colonies in the East Indies. In the late 1700s the French smuggled nutmeg seedlings to their colony on Mauritius where they flourished, breaking the Dutch monopoly for good.

Medicinal Uses:
Nutmeg contains powerful antioxidants, and as such has anti-inflammatory properties which help protect against heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis. It has also been shown to have antibacterial properties that can inhibit the growth of harmful bacterial infections, including cavities and gum inflammation.

Precautions:
While nutmeg in small quantities is not only flavorful but beneficial to your health, taken in large doses it can have several adverse side effects – rapid heartbeat, nausea, disorientation, vomiting, and agitation. Taken in large quantities, one of its early uses was as a hallucinogen, but this can also be accompanied by loss of muscle coordination and organ failure.


Recipes:

Butterbeer

Ingredients:
1/2 cup heavy cream
1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg
2 tablespoons butterscotch sauce
1 tablespoon unsalted butter, softened
6 (12-ounce) cans vanilla cream soda, or one 2-liter bottle

Directions:
In a small bowl, combine the cream, spices, butterscotch, and softened butter.
Whisk for 2 minutes to mix. Avoid whipping it so long that it becomes whipped cream, but it should thicken and increase in volume slightly.
Place the bowl in the freezer for 15 minutes to give it a good chill. If not using immediately, cover the bowl and store in the refrigerator for at least 2 hours.

Assembling:
Fill a frosty glass about two-thirds full with cold vanilla cream soda.
Pour the chilled batter over the back of a spoon and into the glass. It will naturally rise to the top and float on the soda. Make this layer as thick as you like, but go slow because it will grow fast. Serve it with a straw or drink it straight from the glass (and experience the foamy mustache).

You want a frosty mug or tall glass for your butterbeer. For a quick chill, rinse each glass with cold water and place them in the coldest part of your freezer for at least 2 hours.


Nutmeg Cake

Ingredients:
3 eggs, room temperature
½ cup butter, softened
1 ½ cups white sugar
1 cup buttermilk
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
2 cups all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
1 teaspoon baking soda
2 teaspoons ground nutmeg
¼ teaspoon salt
Caramel Icing:
½ cup packed brown sugar
3 tablespoons cream
¼ cup butter
1 ½ cups confectioners' sugar

Directions:
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Lightly grease two 9-inch round cake pans.
Beat the butter and white sugar with an electric mixer in a large bowl until light and fluffy. The mixture should be noticeably lighter in color. Add the room-temperature eggs in three batches, blending them into the butter mixture fully. Stir in the vanilla.
Sift together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, nutmeg, and salt.
Pour 1/3 of the flour mixture into the bowl; mix just until incorporated. Stir in 1/2 the buttermilk, mixing gently. Continue adding the flour alternately with the buttermilk, mixing until combined. Spread the batter into the prepared pans.
Bake in the preheated oven until a toothpick inserted in the center of the cakes comes out clean, about 25 to 30 minutes. Let the cakes cool in the pans for 10 minutes, then invert them on a wire rack to cool completely before icing.

Caramel Icing: In a medium saucepan, heat the brown sugar, cream or milk, and 1/4 cup butter until it boils. Boil for 2 minutes, then remove from heat. Let cool. Stir in confectioner's sugar and beat until smooth. Add more cream or milk or confectioner's sugar as needed to achieve desired spreading consistency. Makes about 1 1/3 cups.